Various Modules in One Calorimeter

NEW: Multiple Module Calorimeter MMC 274 Nexus®

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Process Safety: The ARC Module

Heat-Wait-Search and Pressure Tests
A defined volume of a sample (ml scale) is placed in a tube-shaped container. The container is surrounded by a sophisticated heating system. Depending on the operating mode, the surroundings of the tube vessel are controlled to the same temperature as the sample. If there is no temperature difference between the surrounding heaters and the sample, then all the heat generated by the sample stays inside the sample.

Key Features of the ARC Module

Heat-Wait-Search tests for thermal runaway reactions

Ramp mode for fast screening of unknown samples

Pressure measurement

VariPhi™:scanning and isothermal modes allow the detection of exothermic and endothermic effects (optional)

Stirring of the sample up to 350°C (optional)

Injection of liquid samples during the measurement

DSC-like Testing: The Module with External Heater

Isothermal and Scanning Tests
Here, an additional heater is placed on the outside of the sample container. This allows for a defined power input and more accurate temperature control of the sample. The external heater is useful for running isothermal and constant temperature ramp tests, especially in those experiments where reaction energies are higher.

Key Features of the Calorimeter Module with External Heater

Scanning mode as with DSC via constant heating rate or constant power

Isothermal mode as with DSC

Pressure measurement

Stirring of the sample up to 350°C (optional)

Injection of liquid samples during the measurement

Unique: The VariPhi™ Module

Specific Heat and Low Φ-Factor
The basis of the VariPhi™ module is an additional controlled variable DC heater which is in contact with the sample material (internal heater). With this module it is possible to measure specific heat directly. It also allows one to define the thermal inertia for realworld thermal environment by compensating for heat loss from the sample to the container. Sample containers absorb some of the energy from the reaction of the sample. The heat absorption of the container depends upon its mass and heat capacity. The sum of the heat capacities of the sample and the container divided by the heat capacity of the sample results in the Φ-factor. Ideally this value amounts to 1. In reality the Φ-factor is always larger than 1.

Key Features of the Unique VariPhi™ Module