Modulus of Rupture (MOR) of refractory ceramics up to 1500°C
The modulus of rupture (MOR) is an important variable in the characterization of refractory materials. Determination of the maximum load at high temperatures is a property which, along with other thermophysical properties, is an important parameter for quality control and development of furnace linings.
The modulus of rupture is defined as the maximum stress a rectangular test piece of specific dimensions can withstand in a 3-point bending test until it breaks, expressed in N/mm2 or MPa.
The International Standard Test Method is described in ISO 5013;
test piece dimensions: 150 mm x 25 mm x 25 mm.
For determination of the modulus of rupture of refractories up to a temperature of 1500°C and a maximum load of 5000 N (60 N/mm2), NETZSCH offers the model 422 D/3. This model is designed for continuous testing with a 3-point bending device.
With optional devices for load and deformation measurement and/or constant deformation rate, additional information about the limits of elasticity and crack propagation in ceramic test pieces can be obtained.
The modulus of rupture model 422 E/4 is used to test small single test pieces in accordance with the 4-point load method with a distance between support edges of 40 mm. Inserting the test piece is simplified by the user-friendly split shell furnace (maximum temperature 1450°C). This unit uses a differential measuring system like that used by the RUL/CIC 421 for accurate determination of the test piece deformation.
- Temperature range:
RT to 1500°C (1450°C at HMOR 422 E/4) - Heating elements:
SiC - Bending support:
SiC - Load:
1 N to 5000 N
(2.0 to 12.5 N/s, switchable) - Bending measuring range:
10000 µm (2500 µm at 422 E/4) - Temperature measurement:
type S thermocouples - Sample dimensions:
150 mm x 25 mm x 25 mm
(45 mm x 4.5 mm x 3.5 mm at 422 E/4) - Bending mode:
3-point (4-point at 422 E/4) - Atmospheres:
air, static
The International Standard Test Method is described in ISO 5013;
test piece dimensions: 150 mm x 25 mm x 25 mm.
Both HMOR 422 D/3 and 422 E/4 run under Proteus® Software on Windows®. The Proteus® software contains all operations required to carry out measurements and, independent from that, for evaluation of the data, in part in MS EXCEL®. Through the combination of easy-to-understand menus and automated routines, a tool has been created that is extremely user-friendly and, at the same time, allows sophisticated analysis. The Proteus® software is licensed with the instrument and can of course be installed on other computer systems.
HMOR analysis features:
- Start of the load increase, determination of the failure load
- Storage of the test parameters and results
- Transfer to MS EXCEL® for further analysis, graphic presentation and statistics
- Determination of the test piece deformation (with the optional device for measurement of load and deformation)
- Load-deformation diagram
- Modulus of rupture calculation
You can use the following software with this product:
Proteus® Software
- Vernier calipers for determination of the test piece dimensions, with online input into the Proteus® software
- Interlayer disks